Category: English

What is an Immunization?

Immunization is a shot that helps protect you from certain diseases. These diseases can kill or make people sick, especially young children and older adults. There are many different kinds of vaccines. Some are given only once in a lifetime, while others require multiple doses over a few years to become fully effective. Once vaccination is done, you develop protection against the disease that can last for years or even a lifetime.

Why Should You Immunize Your Child?

If you think immunization is no big deal, consider this: measles still kills about 100,000 people a year. Pneumonia makes about 1 million kids sick a year. And whooping cough is making more than 20 million kids sick each year worldwide. Some parents worry that vaccines can cause autism in their children. But numerous studies have shown no link between autism and vaccines.

Vaccines do more than protect your child from disease—they protect your community’s health. When you immunize your child, you help prevent the spread of disease to others who are too young to be vaccinated or have weakened immune systems, such as newborn babies and people with cancer.

When you immunize your child, they get protection against 14 potentially deadly diseases before they turn two years old. If you choose not to immunize your child, they may be at risk of getting one of these diseases and spreading it to other children who are too young to get vaccinated or cannot be vaccinated because of medical problems.

How do Immunizations Work?

Immunization, also known as vaccination, develops immunity to a disease by being given a vaccine. Vaccines are specially prepared viruses or bacteria that have been altered to no longer cause disease but still stimulate the body’s immune system to create antibodies.

The immune system is made up of many different cells and chemical factors. Some of these cells are called memory B-cells. When the body encounters a foreign substance or antigen, such as a virus or bacterium, the immune system will produce antibodies specifically designed to fight that infection. The memory B-cells serve as a reminder of what type of antibody was produced during the initial infection and can be used to make more antibodies when needed.

When you receive an immunization, your body will produce antibodies against the disease even though you haven’t been infected. This is important because it allows your body to be prepared if you become infected with that disease later. Suppose you become infected with an illness for which you have been immunized. In that case, your memory B-cells will immediately know how to respond and produce large amounts of specific antibodies to fight off the infection.

Are Immunizations Safe?

Immunizations are one of the best ways to protect your child’s health. They have been proven safe, effective, and beneficial time after time. With the help of immunization, we have been able to eradicate smallpox and are getting closer to doing the same for polio, measles, rubella, and other dangerous diseases. Immunizations have saved millions of lives since the first vaccine was administered in 1796, and they continue to do so every day. Ensure your loved ones receive all their recommended vaccines on schedule and get their flu shots every year!

You must speak with your Pediatrician about the immunization schedule recommended for your child.

When Should I Get my Kids Vaccinated?

We’re here to help you understand what vaccines are and when your kids should get them.

DHA Immunization Schedule for Children between 0-6 years

• At Birth: BCG, Hep B.
• Two Months: DTaP, Hib, Hep B, IPV, PCV.
• Four Months: DPT, Hib, Hep B, OPV, PCV.
• Six Months: DPT, Hib, Hep B, OPV, PCV.
• 12 Months: MMR, varicella.
• Eighteen months: DTaP, Hib, OPV, PCV.
• Five to Six Years: DPT, OPV, MMR, varicella.

DHA Immunization Schedule for Persons Aged 7-18 Years

• Td/ Tdap at age 11–12 years for those who have completed the recommended childhood DTP/DTaP vaccination series.
• Meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) at age 11-12 years and 13-18 years if not previously vaccinated. Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV4) is an acceptable alternative.
• Hepatitis B 3-dose series to those who were not previously vaccinated.
• Varicella 2 doses series if not previously immunized.
• MMR 2 doses at least four weeks apart if not previously immunized
• The human papillomavirus vaccine is recommended for girls 11-16.

Vaccinations are an essential part of good health. They protect us from diseases that can cause serious illness and even death. They are especially important for children, pregnant women, chronic illnesses, and people with compromised immune systems. Don’t forget to Keep up with the recommended schedule of immunizations for babies and adults!

Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIs) are a family of over 300 rare, chronic disorders that impair the body’s ability to fight infection. PIs are not just a single disease. They encompass a group of conditions caused by defects in different parts of the immune system, which protect against infection and disease. PI can affect anyone, regardless of gender, race, or age. This blog will explain what PIs are, how they impact people’s lives and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

What are the Types of PI?

Antibody Deficiencies: Individuals with this type of PIDD have insufficient antibodies to fight off infections. Such deficiencies can be caused by a lack of B-cells or a deficiency in the B-cells themselves.

Phagocytic Deficiencies: This type of PIDD causes a reduction in phagocytes, which are white blood cells needed to destroy pathogens and clear up infections. Chronic, recurring infections characterize it.

Cellular Deficiencies: Cellular deficiencies result in reduced numbers of T-cells and NK cells and often cause viral infections and cancerous tumors. This type of PIDD can also cause chronic lung disease.

Complement Deficiencies: Complement deficiencies are a group of rare, inherited conditions that result in a decrease or absence of complement proteins. The complement system is a set of blood proteins that help fight infection. Decreased levels of these proteins can increase the risk for certain infections.

Combined Immunodeficiencies: This type of PIDD is characterized by low numbers of T-cells and B-cells, which are both needed for a properly functioning immune system. It can also result from a lack of natural killer cells (NK cells).

What Causes PI?

The causes of PIs vary from person to person and depend on which part of the immune system is affected. Some PIs are caused by a deletion or mutation in a specific gene responsible for developing certain parts of the immune system. In other cases, the cause of PI is unknown. In general, PIs are caused by:

• A single gene defect passed down through families
• Spontaneous genetic changes (mutations) before or after birth

How is PI Treated?

Treatment for PI is individualized based on the type and severity of each patient’s condition, including medication, replacement therapy, surgery, or prophylactic treatments.

The first step is to get a proper diagnosis. This involves the doctor collecting as much information about you and your family as possible, including medical history, genetics, and whether or not there have been any infections. Your doctor may also conduct a physical exam.

Antibiotics are often prescribed for patients with PI to help treat infections caused by bacteria or fungi. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IVIG) is also sometimes used to replace the immunoglobulin protein to boost your immune response.

Another option is Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT), which replaces the bone marrow responsible for creating white blood cells—you may also hear this referred to as Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT).

Some other common treatments involve surgery or prophylactic treatments.

Who Can Get PI?

Everyone can get primary immunodeficiencies, but some people are at a higher risk. PI can be hereditary, so if you have a family member with the disease, you may be more likely to get it. People with other immune diseases also face a higher risk of getting PI. If you think you or someone in your family is at risk for primary immunodeficiencies, talk to your doctor.

What are the Symptoms of PI?

Primary Immunodeficiency (PI) is passed down through families and has no obvious symptoms during childhood. However, a person with PI might be prone to frequent, long-lasting, or unusual infections.

• Frequent Sinus infections
• Ear infections
• Pneumonia
• Skin infections
• Bronchitis
• Recurrent diarrhea or gut problems

Can I Prevent PI?

You can’t prevent primary immunodeficiencies (PI). But there are many things you can do to lessen their impact.

See a doctor regularly. Because of your weakened immune system, it’s important to see a doctor regularly so they can monitor your health and help you catch problems early.

Eat healthy foods. Eating healthy foods and getting regular exercise help boost your immune system and fight off infections.

Wash your hands often. Washing your hands frequently can help stop the spread of germs that cause colds, flu, and other infections. Make sure your children know how to wash their hands properly too.

Don’t smoke or be around smokers. Secondhand smoke is especially dangerous for people with compromised immune systems—it irritates the lungs and causes respiratory infections.

Avoid crowds during cold and flu season. Since colds and the flu are very contagious, avoid places where many people gather during peak infection periods. If you must go out, wear a mask to minimize exposure to germs.

How is PI Diagnosed?

An individual with a PI will often get frequent infections that cannot be cured with typical antibiotic treatment. However, some individuals will have chronic (long-term) health problems due to an undiagnosed PI. This may include autoimmune diseases, chronic lung disease, and liver disease.

If you or your child has frequent infections, talk to your Pediatrician about screening for PI using blood tests to look at the number and function of different types of white blood cells and enzymes called complement proteins. These tests can help determine if you or your child may have a PI.

Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder caused by a genetic mutation that prevents the production of proteins in the blood called clotting factors. Clotting factors are proteins that allow the blood to clot after an injury, and without them, people can bleed for longer than normal. 

What Causes Hemophilia? 

Mutations of certain genes cause inherited hemophilia. These genes provide instructions for making proteins needed for blood clotting (coagulation). Defects in these genes reduce or eliminate the activity of crucial clotting factors, leading to bleeding problems. In about 30 percent of cases, no family history of the condition exists before the affected person is born.  

What are the Different Types of Hemophilia? 

There are three main types: A, B, and C. These types are distinguished by the affected specific clotting factor.  

Type A Hemophilia: 

This occurs when your body is missing or has low levels of clotting factor VIII. About 80% of people with hemophilia have Type-A. 

Type B Hemophilia: 

This type occurs when your body is missing or has low levels of clotting factor IX. This type is also called “Christmas Disease” after Stephen Christmas, a patient whose case was first described in 1952. This affects about 15% of patients with hemophilia. 

Type C Hemophilia: 

This type occurs when your body has low levels of clotting factor XI. It’s also known as the Rosenthal Syndrome, named after the doctor who discovered it in 1952. This type accounts for about 5% of cases. 

What are the Symptoms of Hemophilia? 

Symptoms vary based on the type of hemophilia: 

Type A: People with this condition tend to bleed longer than those without it and may have frequent nosebleeds and bleeding gums. They might also get large bruises from little bumps or falls. 

Type B: People with this type tend to bleed faster than those without it, though their bleeding may take longer. They may also bruise easily and bruise an unusually large amount. 

Type C: People with this type tend to bruise easily and have frequent nosebleeds. Their bleeding may take longer to stop than normal people. 

The most serious symptoms include: 

• Excessive bleeding after an injury, surgery, dental procedure, or internal injury. 
• Bleeding in the joints (usually knees, ankles, or elbows). 
• Unusual bleeding after vaccinations. 

If you experience any of these symptoms, you should immediately consult a Hematologist 

What Are the Treatments Available for Hemophilia? 

There are three main treatments for hemophilia: 

1. Factor Replacement Therapy: The patient is given a synthetic version of the missing factor in this treatment. It’s an infusion that should be done at least once per week and is the most common treatment plan. 

2. Desmopressin Acetate Therapy involves taking a tablet or nasal spray to help increase factor VIII levels and limit bleeding events. It’s not as effective as factor replacement therapy, but it can help in some cases. 

3. Gene Therapy: This is still experimental, so it’s not broadly available yet, but researchers are working on using viruses to deliver normal copies of hemophilia genes to patients’ cells to correct the genetic defect. 

Hemophilia is a manageable disease if treated, but heredity and certain diseases can cause it to become serious. People with this condition should always keep an eye on the available treatment methods. If you are concerned you might have this condition or suspect that someone you know does, then it is important to seek treatment as soon as possible. Getting diagnosed is the first step to living with hemophilia and living a normal life. 

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects the control of movement and cognitive function. It is a neurodegenerative disease that causes damage to the brain over time and can severely impair the quality of life. The condition typically starts with tremors or shaking, which is why it was first called “the shaking palsy” in 1817 by Dr. James Parkinson. 

What Causes Parkinson’s Disease? 

Parkinson’s disease is caused by the progressive loss of a particular type of neurons in the brain. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit messages throughout your body. It occurs when some neurons die or become impaired and can no longer send messages to your body. This causes specific symptoms and complications, such as tremors, rigidity, balance problems, etc. 

Doctors aren’t sure what exactly causes Parkinson’s disease to develop. Most cases seem to be caused by genetic and environmental factors that trigger the disease in people who are genetically predisposed to Parkinson’s. However, scientists have identified several factors that may play a role in its development: 

Genetics: Certain genes appear to be associated with an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease. However, only a small number of cases seem to be directly inherited from a person’s parents. 

Environment: Exposure to certain environmental toxins may increase your risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. These include pesticides, heavy metals, and herbicides used on crops. 

What are the Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease? 

Parkinson’s disease is usually diagnosed around 60, but some people are diagnosed in their 40s and 50s. However, it’s possible to have the condition and not know it, as symptoms can be mild at first. The main symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are tremors or shaking, rigidity or stiffness, bradykinesia or slowness of movement, postural instability, or impaired balance and coordination. 

How is Parkinson’s Diagnosed? 

Parkinson’s is diagnosed by factors, including your medical history, a neurological exam, and blood tests. At the moment, there is no specific test for Parkinson’s disease (PD). The diagnosis is made by identifying a set of symptoms and ruling out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms. A neurological examination will test your movement and other neurologic functions.  

The Neurologist may ask you to perform simple tasks, such as walking across the room or touching your finger to your nose. This will help determine if you have slowed movement, muscle rigidity, postural instability, or any other symptoms of PD. The doctor may also perform the following tests: 

Electromyography (EMG) uses small needles or electrodes placed on your skin to measure the electrical activity of individual muscles. This test can determine if you have tremors or other muscle issues caused by Parkinson’s. 

Brain scans such as Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) show the brain at work and can help doctors rule out other diseases that cause similar symptoms. 

Cognitive tests measure thinking, learning, judgment, and problem-solving skills. 

How can Parkinson’s be Treated? 

There is no cure for Parkinson’s disease, but there are treatment options that can help alleviate symptoms and slow the condition’s progression. Treatment is usually performed individually and can include prescription medications, surgery, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and lifestyle changes. Physical therapy may consist of massage and exercise techniques for patients with Parkinson’s. Occupational therapy may help patients learn to cope with the limitations brought on by the disease. Lifestyle changes may include stress management and sleep hygiene. 

Autism is a developmental disorder that appears in the first three years of life and affects the brain’s everyday social and communication skills development. People with Autism have difficulties with social, emotional, and communication skills. They might repeat certain behaviors and not want to change their daily activities. 

Causes & Risk Factors 

A wide variety of factors can cause Autism Spectrum Disorder. Unfortunately, there is no known cause for Autism, so it is difficult to say exactly what causes the condition in any one person. However, many experts believe that certain risk factors can contribute to developing Autism. Some of these risk factors include: 

• Certain genetic or chromosomal conditions 
• Problems during pregnancy, such as exposure to environmental toxins 
• Infections the mother contracts during pregnancy 
• Complications during birth, such as oxygen deprivation to the baby’s brain 
• Exposure to toxins such as lead after birth 

Signs & Symptoms 

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be hard to spot in toddlers. Since it’s a developmental condition, many people aren’t diagnosed until they are older. Here are some common signs and symptoms of the condition: 

• Problems with social interaction 
• Lack of eye contact or reduced interest in other people 
• No response to their name being called 
• Difficulty interpreting other people’s emotions and reactions (e.g., not understanding that a tearful face means sadness) 
• Difficulty expressing their own emotions 
• Not wanting to cuddle or be cuddled. 
• A preference for being alone 
• Repetitive behaviors or narrow, obsessive interests 
• Repeating words or phrases over and over (echolalia) 
• Getting upset by minor changes in routine or surroundings 
• Performing repetitive body movements, such as flapping their hands, rocking from side to side, or flicking their fingers 
• Inability to understand other people’s feelings 

Diagnosis & Tests 

If you think your child may be experiencing Autism, talk to a Pediatrician. The doctor will likely ask a series of questions called the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT). It’s designed to screen infants and toddlers between 16 and 30 months old for possible red flags of Autism. If your child is older than 30 months, or if the doctor or a specialist is concerned about Autism based on what you’ve told them, your child may have further testing. This can include: 

• The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) to determine the severity of your child’s symptoms 
• The Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS) is often used with children between 3 and 22 years old 
• An intelligence quotient (IQ) test – This is used to assess the child’s intellectual ability 
• A lead screening test – This is done to rule out other causes of developmental delays and behavioral problems 

Complications & Comorbidities 

Complications and comorbidities of Autism are conditions that commonly and frequently occur in people with an autism spectrum disorder. Some of the most common comorbid and complicating conditions include difficulties with motor skills, seizures and epilepsy, gastrointestinal disorders, sleep disturbances, eating disorders, sensory integration issues, and problems with mood or mental health. Many of these conditions can cause additional challenges for a person with ASD and require different treatments. 

Prevention 

The best way to prevent Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is to get good prenatal care and a healthy lifestyle. Taking care of your health during pregnancy can increase the chances of having a healthy baby. Get information about choosing an Obstetrician and Gynecologist and developing a relationship with them as soon as you think you are pregnant. The best way to protect yourself and your baby is to follow the advice on prenatal care. 

Management of Autism 

We want you to get the most out of life. Our autism management sets you up with the tools you need to thrive in the classroom, at work, and at home. Whether your child is newly diagnosed or living with the conditions for years, we’ve got the expertise and experience to help you understand what it means to live with Autism and how to put that understanding into practice. Our process begins with a thorough assessment of your current situation. Once we have a clear picture of what needs improvement, we build a custom treatment plan using our decades of experience treating Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). These plans are designed for maximum effectiveness and maximum accessibility.  

Having the right information about Autism can help you manage it better. If you think your child might have Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), ask your doctor to screen them for ASD during regular well-child visits. You can also talk about any concerns you have about behavior and development with your child’s school nurse, teacher, or a Developmental and Behavioral expert who regularly works with children. 

Diabetes is a Chronic Disease 

Diabetes occurs when the body can’t make enough insulin or can’t use the insulin it does make properly, which causes high blood glucose levels. Yep, that’s right: diabetes is a chronic disease with your pancreas at its center. Because diabetes is a chronic disease, it’s not curable, but it can be managed—and Ramadan is an excellent opportunity to review your management plan! 

Remember to Test Blood Glucose Levels 

Remember to test your blood glucose levels before and after each meal and when you first wake up. Check your blood glucose levels often to ensure they are not too high or too low. 

Eat Slowly and Avoid Overeating 

Instead of eating large amounts of food, eat smaller portions and try to avoid overeating. Avoid processed foods (like pizza, white bread, etc.). These highly processed foods are high in calories and low in nutrients. Eat slowly, so your body has time to register that you are full. Try to eat a balanced diet with plenty of vegetables and fruits. Don’t eat too much at iftar or suhoor. Fill half your plate with vegetables and fruits, ¼ with whole grains, and ¼ with proteins such as beans or chicken breast. 

Drink Plenty of Fluids Throughout the Day 

Drink plenty of water. This is the most important tip during Ramadan. You need to drink at least two quarts (2 liters) of water a day, even if you’re not thirsty. It’s best to drink one glass every hour during the hours when you are able to eat and drink. Avoid caffeinated drinks such as coffee and tea or drinks that have caffeine because they can make you more thirsty. Drink sugar-free drinks if possible, but avoid sugary beverages as they can change your blood sugar levels if you have diabetes. If you are taking diuretics, talk with your doctor about what is recommended for your fluid intake since those medications may further dehydrate your body. Drink lots of water before and after exercise so that your blood glucose level does not fall too low (hypoglycemia). 

Having diabetes during Ramadan can be challenging, but you can take steps to make it a little easier for yourself. With proper monitoring, preparation, and planning and a willingness to adhere to a few of your doctor’s recommendations, you should have no problem managing diabetes during these fasting days. Our Doctors are always here for you during this holy season. Additionally, we are offering a wide range of Health Packages specially designed to keep you and your family healthy throughout this holy month of Ramadan. 

Numerous studies have discovered that fasting can help you live longer, control your weight, improve your mood and concentration, increase your energy level, and improve the quality of your sleep. Among the numerous benefits of Ramadan fasting, we have included a few below. 

Reduces Hypertension 

A new study published in The American Journal of Medicine shows that short-term intermittent fasting can help reduce hypertension or high blood pressure. This study contributes to a growing body of research showing that intermittent fasting can help improve heart health and reduce the risk for hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. 

Increases Brain Function 

Fasting has also been shown to have numerous brain benefits, such as higher levels of nerve growth factor (NGF). This protein helps regulate neurons’ growth, maintenance, proliferation, and survival. NGF is essential for neurons’ growth and normal function in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Fasting also increases the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that supports the survival of existing brain cells and encourages the growth of new ones. Low levels of BDNF have been attributed to an increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease. 

Improves Body Composition 

Fasting has been known to improve body composition. This means it can reduce the percentage of body fat a person has while increasing their muscle mass and overall health. 

Fasting Reduces Cancer Risk 

It’s true! Fasting can help you reduce your risk of cancer. But how? Cancer cells cannot process ketones produced by the liver from fat and fatty acids when in a fasted state. Simply put, fasting helps starve cancer cells and makes them more susceptible to the body’s immune system. 

Stimulates Autophagy 

Fasting stimulates autophagy, which is the process by which cells and tissues recycle damaged components. It’s what allows your cells to renew themselves and survive without starving. Autophagy promotes longevity and helps prevent conditions associated with aging, including cancer, heart disease, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. 

Lowers Inflammation 

Fasting lowers inflammation, which is a significant cause of aging. This is because fasting triggers changes in your gut microbiota. After fasting, the gut microbiome becomes richer in bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties. 

Regulates Sleep Patterns 

Fasting has long been associated with healthy sleep. The first thing to know is that fasting does have an impact on your sleep—it can help regulate your circadian rhythm (your natural sleep cycle) and make it easier to fall asleep at night. 

Normalizes Ghrelin Levels 

Fasting normalizes ghrelin levels, a hormone responsible for hunger and the body’s response to fasting. This is important because fasting helps you lose weight without feeling excessively hungry, unlike many other diets. 

In brief, fasting during Ramadan is highly recommended as it helps with many health-related issues and gives numerous people great positive benefits. Our Doctors are always here to care for you during this holy season. Additionally, we are offering a wide range of Health Packages specially designed to keep you and your family healthy throughout this holy month of Ramadan. 

One of the best ways to break fast during Ramadan is with a full, healthy stomach. The holy month of Ramadan comes with many rewards, one of them being strengthening our spiritual bonds and being able to eat foods that are beneficial for you. Here are a few things that you can include in your meal plan, 

Low-Fat Yogurt 

Yogurt is the perfect healthy companion for Ramadan because it helps you keep going through your fast with its beneficial nutrients and helps prevent hunger pangs. It also has probiotics that help with indigestion, essential when eating large meals after a long day of fasting. 

Ramadan should be when you make healthy choices to benefit your body and mind. Therefore, it’s essential to opt for low-fat yogurt, as high-fat versions can slow down digestion and cause discomfort. 

Dates 

Dates are not just delicious and a source of energy, but they are also very rich in potassium. Dates are natural laxatives that can be enjoyed during Ramadan to help relieve constipation. They are also a good source of minerals and vitamins, which provides instant energy while you fast. Dates have long been known to be good for your heart and your bones. 

Dark Chocolate 

Dark chocolate contains antioxidants that help to reduce cell damage in our bodies. It is also a good source of iron, which helps your body produce healthy red blood cells and helps you feel energized. Dark chocolate is also a good source of magnesium, which can help with muscle cramps and spasms and lower blood pressure. 

Barley Water 

Barley water is a refreshing drink with many health benefits that you can enjoy during the holy month of Ramadan. Consider adding it to your meal plan for the following reasons: 

• low in calories (only 110 calories per serving) 
• improves digestion 
• high in fiber (5 grams per serving) 
• helps to prevent heart disease 
• may help regulate blood sugar (barley is a complex carbohydrate) 

• reduces blood pressure due to its potassium content 

Sesame Seeds 

One of the best foods you can eat during Ramadan is sesame seeds. Sesame seeds are not only rich in vitamin E, B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc but also in protein and fiber. They’re considered a superfood for their antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory properties and their superior ability to help regulate blood sugar levels and aid heart health. 

Wholegrains 

You might be wondering what whole grains are exactly. Whole grains contain the entire grain seed, which is called the kernel. The kernel has three parts: 

• Bran-the protective layer of fiber on the outside 
• Germ-the reproductive part that is rich in nutrients 
• Endosperm-the starchy part that contains energy for the plant 

Pulses and Chickpeas 

Plain pulses and chickpeas are great sources of proteins. The good thing about consuming legumes is that they provide a wide range of nutrients, beneficial for our overall health. Let’s look at some pulses and chickpeas which can benefit you during Ramadan. 

• Pulses and Chickpeas Promote Heart Health: Pulses are high in dietary fiber, magnesium, and potassium, which can help lower blood pressure and reduce LDL or “bad” cholesterol, therefore promoting heart health. 
• Beneficial for Weight Management: Fibre helps regulate bowel movements and prevents constipation by adding bulk to stool; thus, it helps maintain ideal body weight. 
• Rich in Antioxidants: Pulses contain flavonoids – antioxidants that fight free radicals in the body – which have anti-aging properties too. Chickpeas contain vitamin E and manganese, zinc, and selenium, all of which work together to protect the skin from sun damage (less bad skin days). 

Green Leafy Vegetables 

In Ramadan, you should take advantage of the wide variety of green leafy vegetables accessible to include in your diet. Green leafy vegetables are well known for their health benefits and nutritional value. They are low in calories and high in nutrients, especially when eaten raw. 

They contain essential vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and phytochemicals which make them beneficial for a healthy diet. 

Green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale, lettuce, and Swiss chard are a good source of dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, and iron. Spinach is also a rich source of folic acid, while lettuce contains sodium and potassium, which help regulate blood pressure. Antioxidants that protect the body against free radicals are also present in green leafy vegetables, making them valuable additions to your Ramadan diet. 

Beans 

Beans are amazing food and a great source of nutrition. Beans also contain high fiber, which is important for your digestive system. Beans are a good source of iron, needed to make red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body and give you energy! Beans also have folate, B vitamins, and minerals such as magnesium and potassium. These nutrients help keep your heart healthy! 

Figs 

During Ramadan, make sure to eat figs as part of foods. The nutritional content ranges from 0.5 to 2 g protein/100g fresh fruit, 4 to 12% carbohydrate, 50 to 80% insoluble fiber and 0.2 to 1.7% soluble fiber. It’s known for its health benefits like the prevention of strokes and heart diseases and improves blood sugar levels and maintains oral health by killing bacteria in the mouth. The health benefits of figs include the following: 

• Helps maintain blood glucose levels. If you have high blood pressure, it is always a good idea to limit your salt intake. Figs are an excellent alternative for maintaining the balance of potassium and sodium in your body. The potassium is an excellent agent for controlling heart rate and blood pressure, while the sodium helps regulate the amount of water in your body. This balance can help prevent stroke and coronary heart disease; therefore, figs are especially beneficial during Ramadan when we fast during the day. This is when our bodies need as much nutrition as possible before Iftar. 
• It helps to keep you hydrated. Figs contain a large quantity of fiber (both soluble and insoluble) which enables digestion and keeps you full throughout the fasting hours by slowing down the digestion of other foods consumed at suhoor or Iftar so that they last longer without causing dehydration or low energy levels in your body. If you suffer from diarrhea or constipation, eating figs will help because they increase the production of bile acids, which then aid absorption into intestinal cells where nutrients are absorbed properly into our bloodstreams instead of being excreted wastefully due to lack of absorption through food particles such as rice which often causes diarrhea after consumption during meals at Suhoor time due to their high carbohydrate content. 

Garlic and Onion 

Garlic and onions are a must to include in the Ramadan foods. They’re usually always used in preparing Ramadan food for Iftar, but there’s a reason why: they are incredibly beneficial to our health. Their anti-inflammatory properties are also highly effective in treating arthritis and osteoarthritis because of the antioxidant compounds present in them. What’s more, the phytochemicals that are present in onions and garlic make them high sources of antioxidants, which help prevent the body from oxidative stress by neutralizing those pesky free radicals that we so often hear about. What makes garlic and onion such great fast foods is their ability to lower blood pressure because of their high concentration of allicin—a compound that dilates blood vessels while inhibiting angiotensin II. Onions and garlic also have bacterial properties that can fight staph infections, E-coli, salmonella, and yeast infections in women. 

Oats 

Oats are whole grains that are commonly consumed during the holy month of Ramadan as they can provide a range of health benefits. Oats contain more protein and fat than other grains, increasing their nutritional value. Additionally, oats are rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, including thiamin, magnesium, and phosphorus. Oats are also a good source of fiber which helps lower cholesterol levels, aids in digestion, and controls weight. Hence it is one of the highly recommended Ramadan foods.

Olive Oil 

Olive oil competes with all other types of oil in terms of its nutritional value. It is rich in antioxidants, which help in weight loss and prevent skin aging and wrinkles. Olive oil is rich in monounsaturated fats, polyphenols, and phytosterols that possess several health benefits. People who regularly consume olive oil have a lower risk of developing high blood pressure, osteoporosis, and heart diseases. Olive oil helps balance the blood sugar levels, promotes a healthy digestion system, reduces inflammation within the body, and fights against various types of cancer. If you are on a weight loss diet, try consuming two teaspoons of extra virgin olive oil every day.

Ultimately, Ramadan is a time to find ways to live healthy while living up to the spirit of the holy month. We hope that this article about Ramadan foods has given you some food for thought on how you can be healthy and still keep up with the spirit of Ramadan. In Addition, Our Dieticians and Nutritionists are always there for you during this holy season and can develop individualized plans that suit your specific healthcare needs. We are also offering a wide range of Health Packages specially designed to keep you and your family healthy throughout this holy month of Ramadan.

What is Migraine?

Migraine is a neurological condition that causes painful headaches and may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. It is the third most prevalent illness globally, affecting one in every five women and fifteen men.

What are the Common Types of Migraine?

There are three common types: migraine with aura, migraine without aura, and chronic migraine. They generally last from 4 to 72 hours.

What is Migraine with Aura?

Migraine with an aura involves visual disturbances. This is the most common type and it affects up to a third of people. It can cause visual symptoms that range from blind spots to flashing lights to zig-zag patterns in your field of vision. Some people also have numbness or weakness that affects one side of the body, vertigo, or difficulty speaking. These symptoms usually start 5–20 minutes before the headache begins. It is called “complicated” because it comes with additional symptoms besides pain. For example, an individual may also experience nausea and sensitivity to light during an attack.

What is a Migraine without an Aura?

A migraine without an aura is a type that does not have the classic symptoms of visual disturbances known as an aura. These attacks often cause moderate to severe pain and may also cause nausea and vomiting.

What is Chronic Migraine?

If you have this condition, you have 15 or more headache days per month, with at least 8 of those days having a migraine quality. It significantly affects the lives of those who suffer from it. It’s not simply a headache—it’s a long-lasting, recurring condition that can be difficult to diagnose. It can significantly vary across patients.

What Happens in the Brain During Migraine?

The effect is different for different people. For some people, changes in the brainstem or its interactions with the trigeminal nerve—a major pain pathway—may be involved. For others, increased excitability of the cortex may play a role.

How Common are Migraines?

The attacks vary by person; some people have them frequently (several times each month), while others suffer less often (a few times per year).

The Impact of Ramadan on Migraine

During the blessed month of Ramadan, the frequency and severity of headache attacks in patients with migraine increases due to decreased water consumption, caffeine withdrawal, and low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia). In addition, disruption of the circadian rhythm (sleep/wake cycle), physical and psychological stress, and sudden cigarette smoking cessation are all essential factors that contribute to attacks. In severe cases, patients might not be able to tolerate fasting because of the worsening symptoms.

Furthermore, a lack of a nutritious diet during Iftar and Suhoor can contribute to migraine attacks. A heavy carbohydrate meal causes a rapid increase in insulin production, resulting in a drop in blood glucose levels below the normal range. This change in blood sugar levels causes a shift in our body’s homeostasis with hormonal changes, mainly epinephrine and norepinephrine. Ultimately, those changes result in a headache or even a migraine. A well-balanced, nutritious diet is recommended for healthy, migraine-free fasting in the holy month of Ramadan.

Here is What You Should Avoid While Fasting During Ramadan

A general piece of advice recommended for patients suffering from Migraine while fasting during the month of Ramadan is to avoid any stimulating factors. For example, patients should avoid bright lighting, loud sounds, physical and psychological stress, and other known stimulating factors. As well as having a regular sleep/wake cycle, reducing caffeine intake, and avoiding excessive smoking during the Iftar period.

How Physicians Can Help Patients Manage Migraine During Ramadan

The Neurolgists must educate and discuss the possibility of an increased chance of headache attacks during Ramadan. To avoid the attacks during Ramadan, physicians may provide health counseling and re-evaluate the treatment plan, including preventive medications, to reduce the frequency and severity of the attacks.

Ramadan Tips for Migraine Patients

The physicians should also advise the patients on a healthy lifestyle, mainly to drink enough water during the time from Iftar to Suhoor. In addition, a well-balanced, healthy diet, with multiple meals at intervals, is recommended to improve the symptoms and increase energy levels during the fasting hours.

With this being said, remember that our experts are here to help you have a healthier fast during the holy month of Ramadan. Do not hesitate to visit our physicians when seeking health or medical advice.

Ramadan Kareem and Siam Maqbool!

Our Expert Neurologist

Dr. Atta Ghassan Al Khaznaji

Head of Neurology Department | Specialist Neurology

Burjeel Hospital, Abu Dhabi

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Down Syndrome is a genetic condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, which results in some characteristic physical features and intellectual and developmental disabilities. People with the condition have an increased risk of certain medical conditions such as congenital heart defects, respiratory and hearing problems, Alzheimer’s disease, childhood leukemia, and thyroid conditions. 

What are the Signs of Down Syndrome? 

There are many symptoms, but not all people display all of them. Common signs include, 

• Low muscle tone 
• Flat facial features 
• Small head size 
• Short neck 
• Coarse hair 
• Short stature 
• Small hands and feet 

How Common is Down Syndrome? 

According to the Global Down Syndrome Foundation, Down Syndrome is “the most frequently occurring chromosomal condition” and is found in 1 in 691 live births. That makes it the most common chromosomal condition. It occurs in all races, ethnicities, and genders worldwide. While it’s more common in older parents, it can happen to anyone. When you consider that almost 6 million worldwide have this condition, it becomes clear that having a child with Down Syndrome is far more common than many think. 

What Causes Down Syndrome? 

Down Syndrome is a genetic condition caused by an extra copy of the 21st chromosome. There are three types of Down Syndrome: trisomy 21 (nondisjunction), translocation, and mosaicism. 

In nondisjunction, there are three copies of chromosome 21 in every cell of the body instead of two. This is the most common form and accounts for 95% of cases. 

In translocation Down Syndrome, an extra copy of chromosome 21 attaches to another chromosome during cell division, resulting in extra genetic material from chromosome 21 being present in every cell. About 3% to 4% of people with Down Syndrome have this form. 

In mosaic Down Syndrome, some cells have an extra copy of chromosome 21 while other cells do not. Mosaic Down Syndrome is rare and accounts for 1% to 2% of all cases. 

How is Down Syndrome Diagnosed? 

Down Syndrome can be diagnosed before birth (prenatally) by Fetal Medicine experts or after a baby is born (postnatally) by Neonatologists. Most children with Down Syndrome are identified through prenatal screening because of the associated medical risks.  

A blood test called cell-free DNA screening (also called noninvasive prenatal testing or NIPT) can be done as early as ten weeks of pregnancy. The results are typically fast and accurate. Because this test looks only for Down Syndrome, it is important to confirm any positive results with an additional test, such as an ultrasound, amniocentesis, or chorionic villus sampling (CVS). 

Ultrasound, may be performed during the second trimester of pregnancy (15–20 weeks) to evaluate the fetus for congenital disabilities. 

The tests used also include amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling (CVS), percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS), and noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT). 

Amniocentesis: This test involves removing amniotic fluid from the womb using a needle inserted through the woman’s abdomen. Amniotic fluid contains cells from the unborn baby and is examined.  

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Cells are removed from tiny fingerlike projections of tissue on the edge of the placenta called chorionic villi and examined.  

Percutaneous Umbilical Blood Sampling (PUBS): A small amount of blood is removed from the umbilical cord and examined.  

How is Down Syndrome Treated? 

It is a genetic condition that causes intellectual and developmental delays. The average IQ of a young adult with Down Syndrome is 50; the range of potential IQ is quite large. They can live healthy, happy lives. Also, the life expectancy for people with the condition has increased dramatically in recent decades—from 25 in 1983 to 60 today. The symptoms vary widely from person to person.  

While there is no cure, people can live healthy and fulfilling lives through current treatment options such as speech therapy and occupational therapy. They can attend school, work, participate in important decisions, and contribute to society in a variety of wonderful ways. 

As you read this, a growing number of people are stepping out and contributing their voices to help raise worldwide awareness. We’re here to provide you with the tools and assistance you need throughout your life journey.